Eukaryote v Prokaryote

Eukaryote:

DNA= Has a true nucleus. DNA surrounded by envelope associated with histone proteins.

Nucleus= Surrounded by a nuclear envelope also contains a nucleolis.

Cytoplasm= PRESENT (contains more organelles)

Double membrane bound organelles= PRESENT (e.g chloroplast/mitochondria)

Ribosomes= Larger 80S

Cytoskeleton= PRESENT


Prokaryote:

DNA= No true nucleus. DNA free not associated with histone proteins.

Nucleus= NOT PRESENT (sometimes present as nucleoid)

Cytoplasm= PRESENT

Double membrane bound organelles= NOT PRESENT 

Ribosomes= Smaller 70S

Cytoskeleton= NOT PRESENT

Cell Structure

Animal Cell Structure:

Functions:

Nucleus= Contains DNA coding for proteins (DNA+histone proteins=chromatin).

Nucleolus= Involved in the production of ribosomes.

Nuclear Envelope= Allows exchange between the cytoplasm and nucleus (e.g mRNA).

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)= Processes proteins and packages into vesicles.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)= Production of lipids,cholesterol and steroid hormones.

Golgi Apparatus= Collects products from the ER (in vesicles) processes and packages.

Ribosomes= Site of protein synthesis from mRNA.

Mitochondria= Involved in the final stages of aerobic respiration to produce ATP.

Lysosomes= Contains digestive/hydrolytic enzymes which digest macromolecules.

Plasma membrane= Allows for a unique environment within the cell (By controlling flow).

Centrioles= 2 found just outside the nucleus at 90° of each other. Involved in nuclear division.

Flagella and Cillia= made out of microtubules. Involved in movement.

Cytoskeleton= Involved in transport of vesicles.

Plant Cell Structure:

Functions:

Does not contain centrioles

Chloroplasts= produces glucose by absorbing light energy (photosynthesis)